What are the advantages and disadvantages of photovoltaic power generation

The process of photovoltaic power generation is simple, no mechanical rotating parts, no fuel consumption, no emissions including greenhouse gases, no noise and no pollution. Solar energy resources are widely distributed, inexhaustible and inexhaustible. Therefore, compared with new power generation technologies such as wind power, biomass power generation and nuclear power, photovoltaic power generation is a renewable energy power generation technology with the most sustainable development characteristics. Photovoltaic power generation has the following advantages:

1. Solar energy resources are inexhaustible and inexhaustible, and solar energy is widely distributed on the earth. As long as there is light, photovoltaic power generation systems can be used, regardless of geographical, altitude and other factors.

2. Solar energy resources are available everywhere, power can be supplied nearby, and long-distance transmission is not necessary.

3. The energy conversion process of photovoltaic power generation is simple. It is a direct conversion from light energy to electrical energy. There is no intermediate process and mechanical movement, and there is no mechanical wear.

4. Photovoltaic power generation itself does not use fuel, does not emit any substances including greenhouse gases and other exhaust gases, does not pollute the air, does not produce noise, is environmentally friendly, and will not suffer the impact of energy crisis or unstable fuel market. It is a new type of renewable energy that is truly green and environmentally friendly.

5. The photovoltaic power generation process does not require cooling water and can be installed on the desert Gobi where there is no water.

6. Photovoltaic power generation has no mechanical transmission parts, simple operation and maintenance, and stable and reliable operation.

7. The photovoltaic power generation system has stable and reliable performance and long service life. The service life of crystalline silicon solar cells can be as long as 20-35 years.

Of course, photovoltaic power generation also has its shortcomings and shortcomings, which can be summarized as follows:

1. Low energy density: Although the total amount of energy that the sun throws on the earth is extremely large, because the surface area of the earth is also large, and most of the earth's surface is covered by the ocean, the solar energy that can actually reach the land surface is only 10% of the solar radiation energy reaching the earth. As a result, the amount of solar energy that can be directly obtained per unit area of land is less.　

2. Large area: Due to the low solar energy density, the photovoltaic power generation system will occupy a large area. Each 10KW photovoltaic power generation requires about 100 square meters of land, and the average power generation per square meter area is 100W.

3. Low conversion efficiency: The most basic unit of photovoltaic power generation is solar cell components. The conversion efficiency of photovoltaic power generation refers to the ratio of light energy to electrical energy. The current conversion efficiency of crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells is 13%-17%. Amorphous silicon photovoltaic cells Only 5%-8%.

4. Intermittent work: On the surface of the earth, the photovoltaic power generation system can only generate electricity during the day and cannot generate electricity at night. Unless there is no day and night in space, solar cells can generate electricity continuously, which is inconsistent with people's electricity demand. .

5. Largely affected by climate and environmental factors: the energy of photovoltaic power generation directly comes from the sunlight, and the sun on the surface of the earth is greatly affected by the climate, long-term rain and snow, cloudy, foggy and even cloud changes Will seriously affect the power generation status of the system.

6. Strong geographical dependence: different geographical locations and different climates make the solar resources of different regions vary greatly. Photovoltaic power generation systems can only be used in regions with abundant solar energy to achieve good results.

7. High system cost: Due to the low efficiency of photovoltaic power generation, so far, the cost of photovoltaic power generation is still several times that of other conventional power generation methods, which is the most important factor restricting its wide application.

8. The manufacturing process of crystalline silicon battery is highly polluted and energy-consuming: The main raw material of crystalline silicon battery is pure silicon. Silicon is an element second only to oxygen on the earth, and the main form of existence is sand. Step by step from silica sand to crystalline silicon with a purity of more than 99.9999%, it has to go through multiple chemical and physical processes, which not only consumes a lot of energy, but also causes certain environmental pollution.